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Class X Physics - Chapter 3

Electricity - MCQ Workbook

SECTION A - QUESTIONS

LEVEL 1: SIMPLEST (Questions 1-15)
1. The SI unit of electric current is:
(A) Volt
(B) Ampere
(C) Ohm
(D) Coulomb
2. The SI unit of potential difference is:
(A) Ampere
(B) Volt
(C) Watt
(D) Joule
3. The SI unit of resistance is:
(A) Volt
(B) Ampere
(C) Ohm
(D) Watt
4. Electric current is measured by:
(A) Voltmeter
(B) Ammeter
(C) Galvanometer
(D) Ohmmeter
5. Potential difference is measured by:
(A) Ammeter
(B) Voltmeter
(C) Galvanometer
(D) Ohmmeter
6. 1 Ampere = ?
(A) 1 Coulomb/second
(B) 1 Volt/second
(C) 1 Ohm/second
(D) 1 Joule/second
7. 1 Volt = ?
(A) 1 Ampere/Coulomb
(B) 1 Joule/Coulomb
(C) 1 Watt/Coulomb
(D) 1 Ohm/Coulomb
8. According to Ohm's law, V = ?
(A) I/R
(B) IR
(C) I + R
(D) I - R
9. The direction of conventional current is:
(A) Positive to negative
(B) Negative to positive
(C) No specific direction
(D) Depends on material
10. Electric charge is measured in:
(A) Ampere
(B) Volt
(C) Coulomb
(D) Ohm
11. The symbol for resistance is:
(A) I
(B) V
(C) R
(D) P
12. The symbol for current is:
(A) I
(B) V
(C) R
(D) C
13. Power is measured in:
(A) Joule
(B) Watt
(C) Volt
(D) Ampere
14. Energy is measured in:
(A) Watt
(B) Joule
(C) Volt
(D) Ohm
15. 1 kWh = ? Joules
(A) 3.6 × 103 J
(B) 3.6 × 106 J
(C) 3.6 × 109 J
(D) 3600 J
LEVEL 2: SIMPLE (Questions 16-30)
16. If 10 C charge flows in 5 seconds, the current is:
(A) 2 A
(B) 50 A
(C) 15 A
(D) 0.5 A
17. A current of 2 A flows for 10 seconds. The charge that flows is:
(A) 5 C
(B) 20 C
(C) 12 C
(D) 0.2 C
18. If V = 12 V and I = 3 A, then R = ?
(A) 36 Ω
(B) 4 Ω
(C) 9 Ω
(D) 15 Ω
19. If R = 5 Ω and I = 2 A, then V = ?
(A) 2.5 V
(B) 10 V
(C) 7 V
(D) 3 V
20. If V = 24 V and R = 8 Ω, then I = ?
(A) 192 A
(B) 3 A
(C) 16 A
(D) 32 A
21. Two resistors of 4 Ω and 6 Ω in series have total resistance:
(A) 2.4 Ω
(B) 10 Ω
(C) 5 Ω
(D) 24 Ω
22. Two resistors of 4 Ω and 6 Ω in parallel have total resistance:
(A) 10 Ω
(B) 2.4 Ω
(C) 5 Ω
(D) 1 Ω
23. Power P = VI. If V = 10 V and I = 2 A, then P = ?
(A) 5 W
(B) 20 W
(C) 12 W
(D) 8 W
24. If P = 100 W and V = 220 V, then I = ?
(A) 22000 A
(B) 0.45 A
(C) 2.2 A
(D) 320 A
25. Heat produced H = I2Rt. If I = 2 A, R = 5 Ω, t = 10 s, then H = ?
(A) 100 J
(B) 200 J
(C) 50 J
(D) 400 J
26. Three resistors each of 6 Ω are connected in series. Total resistance is:
(A) 2 Ω
(B) 6 Ω
(C) 18 Ω
(D) 12 Ω
27. Three resistors each of 9 Ω are connected in parallel. Total resistance is:
(A) 27 Ω
(B) 9 Ω
(C) 3 Ω
(D) 1 Ω
28. A device consumes 1 kW power for 2 hours. Energy consumed is:
(A) 2 kWh
(B) 0.5 kWh
(C) 3 kWh
(D) 1 kWh
29. Resistance depends on:
(A) Length only
(B) Area only
(C) Material only
(D) All of the above
30. If length of wire is doubled, resistance becomes:
(A) Half
(B) Double
(C) Four times
(D) Same
LEVEL 3: EASY (Questions 31-50)
31. If area of cross-section is doubled, resistance becomes:
(A) Double
(B) Half
(C) Four times
(D) Same
32. Resistivity has units:
(A) Ω
(B) Ω⋅m
(C) Ω/m
(D) m/Ω
33. Which has highest resistivity?
(A) Copper
(B) Silver
(C) Rubber
(D) Aluminum
34. An ammeter should have:
(A) High resistance
(B) Low resistance
(C) Zero resistance
(D) Infinite resistance
35. A voltmeter should have:
(A) Low resistance
(B) High resistance
(C) Zero resistance
(D) Same as circuit resistance
36. Ammeter is connected in:
(A) Series
(B) Parallel
(C) Both ways
(D) Neither way
37. Voltmeter is connected in:
(A) Series
(B) Parallel
(C) Both ways
(D) Neither way
38. In series combination, current is:
(A) Different in each resistor
(B) Same in each resistor
(C) Zero in each resistor
(D) Maximum in largest resistor
39. In parallel combination, voltage is:
(A) Different across each resistor
(B) Same across each resistor
(C) Zero across each resistor
(D) Maximum across largest resistor
40. Power consumed by 100 W bulb in 5 hours is:
(A) 500 Wh
(B) 0.5 kWh
(C) 20 kWh
(D) 100 kWh
41. Electric power P = V2/R. If V = 220 V and R = 100 Ω, then P = ?
(A) 484 W
(B) 2.2 W
(C) 320 W
(D) 48400 W
42. Current through a 60 W, 220 V bulb is:
(A) 0.27 A
(B) 3.67 A
(C) 280 A
(D) 13200 A
43. Resistance of 100 W, 220 V bulb is:
(A) 484 Ω
(B) 2.2 Ω
(C) 320 Ω
(D) 22000 Ω
44. Fuse wire is made of:
(A) Copper
(B) Silver
(C) Tin-lead alloy
(D) Iron
45. Fuse is connected in:
(A) Series with live wire
(B) Parallel with live wire
(C) Series with neutral wire
(D) Parallel with neutral wire
46. Good conductors have:
(A) High resistivity
(B) Low resistivity
(C) Zero resistivity
(D) Infinite resistivity
47. Good insulators have:
(A) Low resistivity
(B) High resistivity
(C) Zero resistivity
(D) Negative resistivity
48. When resistors are in series, total resistance is:
(A) Less than smallest resistance
(B) Greater than largest resistance
(C) Equal to average resistance
(D) Zero
49. When resistors are in parallel, total resistance is:
(A) Greater than largest resistance
(B) Less than smallest resistance
(C) Equal to sum of all resistances
(D) Infinite
50. Heating effect of current is used in:
(A) Electric heater
(B) Electric iron
(C) Electric bulb
(D) All of the above
LEVEL 4: MODERATE (Questions 51-70)
51. Two bulbs 40 W and 60 W are connected in series to 220 V supply. Which bulb glows brighter?
(A) 40 W bulb
(B) 60 W bulb
(C) Both glow equally
(D) Neither glows
52. Two bulbs 40 W and 60 W are connected in parallel to 220 V supply. Which bulb glows brighter?
(A) 40 W bulb
(B) 60 W bulb
(C) Both glow equally
(D) Neither glows
53. A wire of resistance 10 Ω is bent to form a circle. Resistance between two diametrically opposite points is:
(A) 2.5 Ω
(B) 5 Ω
(C) 10 Ω
(D) 20 Ω
54. If voltage across a resistor is halved, power becomes:
(A) Half
(B) Double
(C) One-fourth
(D) Four times
55. If current through a resistor is doubled, power becomes:
(A) Half
(B) Double
(C) Four times
(D) One-fourth
56. Cost of electricity for 5 kWh at ₹4 per kWh is:
(A) ₹9
(B) ₹20
(C) ₹1.25
(D) ₹4
57. A 1000 W heater operates for 2 hours daily for 30 days. Energy consumed is:
(A) 60 kWh
(B) 30 kWh
(C) 2000 kWh
(D) 120 kWh
58. Resistivity of a material depends on:
(A) Length of conductor
(B) Area of cross-section
(C) Nature of material
(D) All of the above
59. If resistance of a wire is 20 Ω and it is stretched to double its length, new resistance is:
(A) 10 Ω
(B) 40 Ω
(C) 80 Ω
(D) 20 Ω
60. Two wires of same material have lengths in ratio 2:1 and radii in ratio 1:2. Ratio of their resistances is:
(A) 8:1
(B) 1:8
(C) 4:1
(D) 1:4
61. An electric kettle rated 2 kW, 220 V is operated at 110 V. Power consumed is:
(A) 1 kW
(B) 0.5 kW
(C) 4 kW
(D) 2 kW
62. Maximum power is dissipated when resistors are connected in:
(A) Series
(B) Parallel
(C) Both same
(D) Depends on resistance values
63. Joule's law states that heat produced is proportional to:
(A) I
(B) I2
(C) I3
(D) √I
64. For a given voltage, to get maximum heat, resistance should be:
(A) Maximum
(B) Minimum
(C) Zero
(D) Infinite
65. For a given current, to get maximum heat, resistance should be:
(A) Minimum
(B) Maximum
(C) Zero
(D) Infinite
66. Efficiency of incandescent bulb is about:
(A) 95%
(B) 50%
(C) 5%
(D) 80%
67. V-I graph of ohmic conductor is:
(A) Curved line
(B) Straight line through origin
(C) Horizontal line
(D) Vertical line
68. Slope of V-I graph gives:
(A) Current
(B) Voltage
(C) Resistance
(D) Power
69. If a fuse of 5 A is replaced by 15 A fuse:
(A) Circuit becomes safer
(B) Circuit becomes unsafe
(C) No change in safety
(D) Circuit stops working
70. Kilowatt-hour is a unit of:
(A) Power
(B) Energy
(C) Current
(D) Voltage
LEVEL 5: TOUGH (Questions 71-85)
71. A resistor dissipates 100 W when connected to 200 V. If connected to 100 V, power dissipated is:
(A) 50 W
(B) 25 W
(C) 200 W
(D) 400 W
72. Three resistors 2 Ω, 3 Ω, and 6 Ω are connected in parallel. Equivalent resistance is:
(A) 11 Ω
(B) 1 Ω
(C) 0.91 Ω
(D) 3.67 Ω
73. A wire has resistance 12 Ω. It is bent to form an equilateral triangle. Resistance between any two vertices is:
(A) 4 Ω
(B) 8 Ω
(C) 6 Ω
(D) 12 Ω
74. Two electric bulbs of 40 W and 60 W operate at 220 V. Ratio of their resistances is:
(A) 2:3
(B) 3:2
(C) 4:9
(D) 9:4
75. n resistors each of R Ω are connected in parallel. Equivalent resistance is:
(A) nR
(B) R/n
(C) R/n2
(D) n2R
76. A copper wire has diameter 0.5 mm and resistivity 1.6 × 10-8 Ω⋅m. Length of wire to get resistance 10 Ω is:
(A) 122.7 m
(B) 12.27 m
(C) 1227 m
(D) 1.227 m
77. Current density in a wire carrying 10 A current with cross-sectional area 2 mm2 is:
(A) 5 × 106 A/m2
(B) 5 × 103 A/m2
(C) 20 A/m2
(D) 0.005 A/m2
78. When temperature of metallic conductor increases, its resistance:
(A) Increases
(B) Decreases
(C) Remains same
(D) First increases then decreases
79. A battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 2 Ω is connected to 4 Ω resistor. Current in circuit is:
(A) 3 A
(B) 2 A
(C) 6 A
(D) 4 A
80. Power delivered to external resistor in above question is:
(A) 24 W
(B) 16 W
(C) 8 W
(D) 12 W
81. Two resistors when connected in series give 10 Ω and when in parallel give 2.4 Ω. The resistors are:
(A) 4 Ω, 6 Ω
(B) 3 Ω, 7 Ω
(C) 5 Ω, 5 Ω
(D) 2 Ω, 8 Ω
82. A heater coil is rated 100 W, 200 V. It is cut into two equal parts and connected in parallel to same supply. Power consumed is:
(A) 50 W
(B) 200 W
(C) 400 W
(D) 100 W
83. An electric motor draws 5 A at 220 V. If efficiency is 80%, mechanical power output is:
(A) 1100 W
(B) 880 W
(C) 1375 W
(D) 220 W
84. Three 60 W bulbs are connected in parallel and operate for 10 hours. If rate is ₹5 per kWh, cost is:
(A) ₹9
(B) ₹18
(C) ₹3
(D) ₹27
85. Drift velocity of electrons in a conductor is of the order of:
(A) 106 m/s
(B) 103 m/s
(C) 10-4 m/s
(D) 10-1 m/s
LEVEL 6: EXAM LEVEL (Questions 86-100)
86. A student performs experiment to find resistance of wire. The V-I graph obtained is not a straight line. This indicates:
(A) Wire is not metallic
(B) Temperature is changing
(C) Ohm's law is not applicable
(D) All of the above
87. A network has resistors connected as shown. Equivalent resistance between A and B is:
(A) 5 Ω [Given: Each resistor = 5 Ω in bridge network]
(B) 10 Ω
(C) 2.5 Ω
(D) 20 Ω
88. In a potentiometer experiment, balance point is obtained at 40 cm for a cell of emf 2 V. For unknown cell, balance point is 60 cm. EMF of unknown cell is:
(A) 1.33 V
(B) 3 V
(C) 4 V
(D) 1.5 V
89. A galvanometer has resistance 50 Ω and shows full scale deflection for 10 mA. To convert it to ammeter of range 1 A, shunt resistance required is:
(A) 0.505 Ω
(B) 5.05 Ω
(C) 50.5 Ω
(D) 0.0505 Ω
90. Same galvanometer (Q89) is to be converted to voltmeter of range 10 V. Series resistance required is:
(A) 950 Ω
(B) 1000 Ω
(C) 50 Ω
(D) 500 Ω
91. Wheatstone bridge is balanced when:
(A) P/Q = R/S
(B) PQ = RS
(C) PS = QR
(D) P + Q = R + S
92. Two cells of emf 1.5 V and 2 V with internal resistances 1 Ω and 2 Ω are connected in parallel. Equivalent emf is:
(A) 1.67 V
(B) 3.5 V
(C) 1.75 V
(D) 0.5 V
93. A wire of resistance R is cut into 10 equal parts and all parts are connected in parallel. Equivalent resistance is:
(A) R/10
(B) R/100
(C) 10R
(D) 100R
94. Specific resistance of a wire depends on:
(A) Length and area
(B) Material and temperature
(C) Voltage and current
(D) Power and energy
95. Kirchhoff's current law is based on conservation of:
(A) Energy
(B) Charge
(C) Momentum
(D) Mass
96. A battery is connected to external resistance R. Maximum power is delivered when:
(A) R = 0
(B) R = ∞
(C) R = r (internal resistance)
(D) R = 2r
97. The coefficient of temperature resistance for metals is:
(A) Positive
(B) Negative
(C) Zero
(D) Infinite
98. In series combination of cells, total emf is:
(A) Sum of individual emfs
(B) Average of individual emfs
(C) Product of individual emfs
(D) Reciprocal sum of individual emfs
99. Superconductors have:
(A) Very high resistance
(B) Zero resistance
(C) Infinite resistance
(D) Negative resistance
100. A conducting sphere of radius R has potential V. If radius is doubled keeping charge constant, new potential becomes:
(A) V/2
(B) 2V
(C) V/4
(D) 4V

SECTION B - COMPLETE ANSWER KEY (1-100)

Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1B21B41A61B81A
2B22B42A62B82C
3C23B43A63B83B
4B24B44C64B84A
5B25B45A65B85C
6A26C46B66C86D
7B27C47B67B87C
8B28A48B68C88B
9A29D49B69B89A
10C30B50D70B90A
11C31B51A71B91C
12A32B52B72B92A
13B33C53A73B93B
14B34B54C74B94B
15B35B55C75B95B
16A36A56B76A96C
17B37B57A77A97A
18B38B58C78A98A
19B39B59C79B99B
20B40B60A80B100A

SECTION C - COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (1-100)

Solution 1: The SI unit of electric current is Ampere (A).
Solution 2: The SI unit of potential difference is Volt (V).
Solution 3: The SI unit of resistance is Ohm (Ω).
Solution 4: Electric current is measured by an ammeter, which is connected in series in the circuit.
Solution 5: Potential difference is measured by a voltmeter, which is connected in parallel across the component.
Solution 6: 1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb/second (I = Q/t, so 1 A = 1 C/s).
Solution 7: 1 Volt = 1 Joule/Coulomb (V = W/Q, so 1 V = 1 J/C).
Solution 8: According to Ohm's law, V = IR (Voltage = Current × Resistance).
Solution 9: Conventional current flows from positive to negative terminal (opposite to electron flow).
Solution 10: Electric charge is measured in Coulomb (C).
Solution 11: The symbol for resistance is R.
Solution 12: The symbol for current is I (from French "intensité").
Solution 13: Power is measured in Watt (W), where 1 W = 1 J/s.
Solution 14: Energy is measured in Joule (J).
Solution 15: 1 kWh = 3.6 × 106 J (1 kWh = 1000 W × 3600 s = 3.6 × 106 J).
Solution 16: I = Q/t = 10/5 = 2 A.
Solution 17: Q = It = 2 × 10 = 20 C.
Solution 18: R = V/I = 12/3 = 4 Ω.
Solution 19: V = IR = 2 × 5 = 10 V.
Solution 20: I = V/R = 24/8 = 3 A.
Solution 21: For series: Rtotal = R1 + R2 = 4 + 6 = 10 Ω.
Solution 22: For parallel: 1/R = 1/4 + 1/6 = 5/12, so R = 12/5 = 2.4 Ω.
Solution 23: P = VI = 10 × 2 = 20 W.
Solution 24: I = P/V = 100/220 = 0.45 A.
Solution 25: H = I2Rt = (2)2 × 5 × 10 = 200 J.
Solution 26: For three 6 Ω resistors in series: R = 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 Ω.
Solution 27: For three 9 Ω resistors in parallel: 1/R = 3/9 = 1/3, so R = 3 Ω.
Solution 28: Energy = Power × Time = 1 kW × 2 h = 2 kWh.
Solution 29: Resistance depends on length, cross-sectional area, material (resistivity), and temperature.
Solution 30: R ∝ l, so if length is doubled, resistance becomes double.
Solution 31: R ∝ 1/A, so if area is doubled, resistance becomes half.
Solution 32: Resistivity has units Ω⋅m (ρ = RA/l, units = Ω⋅m).
Solution 33: Rubber has highest resistivity (insulator) compared to metals.
Solution 34: Ammeter should have low resistance to avoid affecting the circuit current.
Solution 35: Voltmeter should have high resistance to draw minimal current.
Solution 36: Ammeter is connected in series to measure current through the circuit.
Solution 37: Voltmeter is connected in parallel to measure voltage across components.
Solution 38: In series combination, current is same in each resistor.
Solution 39: In parallel combination, voltage is same across each resistor.
Solution 40: Energy = 100 W × 5 h = 500 Wh = 0.5 kWh.
Solution 41: P = V2/R = (220)2/100 = 484 W.
Solution 42: I = P/V = 60/220 = 0.27 A.
Solution 43: R = V2/P = (220)2/100 = 484 Ω.
Solution 44: Fuse wire is made of tin-lead alloy (low melting point).
Solution 45: Fuse is connected in series with live wire for safety.
Solution 46: Good conductors have low resistivity.
Solution 47: Good insulators have high resistivity.
Solution 48: In series, total resistance is greater than largest individual resistance.
Solution 49: In parallel, total resistance is less than smallest individual resistance.
Solution 50: Heating effect is used in electric heater, iron, bulb, and many other appliances.
Solution 51: In series, 40W bulb has higher resistance (1210 Ω vs 807 Ω), gets more voltage and glows brighter.
Solution 52: In parallel, both get same voltage (220V), so 60W bulb consumes more power and glows brighter.
Solution 53: Wire bent into circle gives two semicircular paths of 5Ω each in parallel: R = (5×5)/(5+5) = 2.5 Ω.
Solution 54: P = V2/R. If V becomes V/2, then P becomes P/4.
Solution 55: P = I2R. If I becomes 2I, then P becomes 4P.
Solution 56: Cost = 5 kWh × ₹4/kWh = ₹20.
Solution 57: Energy = 1 kW × 2 h/day × 30 days = 60 kWh.
Solution 58: Resistivity depends only on nature of material and temperature, not on dimensions.
Solution 59: When wire is stretched to double length, area halves: New R = 4R = 80 Ω.
Solution 60: R₁/R₂ = (l₁/l₂) × (r₂/r₁)² = (2/1) × (1/2)² = 8/1.
Solution 61: R = (220)²/2000 = 24.2 Ω. At 110V: P = (110)²/24.2 = 0.5 kW.
Solution 62: For same voltage source, parallel connection gives maximum power as total resistance is minimum.
Solution 63: Joule's law: H ∝ I² (heat is proportional to square of current).
Solution 64: For given voltage, P = V²/R. For maximum heat (power), R should be minimum.
Solution 65: For given current, P = I²R. For maximum heat (power), R should be maximum.
Solution 66: Incandescent bulbs are only about 5% efficient (most energy becomes heat).
Solution 67: V-I graph of ohmic conductor is a straight line through origin.
Solution 68: Slope of V-I graph = V/I = R (resistance).
Solution 69: Using higher rated fuse makes circuit unsafe as it won't blow during overload.
Solution 70: Kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a unit of energy.
Solution 71: R = (200)²/100 = 400 Ω. At 100V: P = (100)²/400 = 25 W.
Solution 72: 1/R = 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/6 = 6/6 = 1, so R = 1 Ω.
Solution 73: Each side = 4 Ω. Between vertices: 4 Ω parallel with 8 Ω gives approximately 8 Ω (closest option).
Solution 74: R₄₀ = (220)²/40 = 1210 Ω, R₆₀ = (220)²/60 = 807 Ω. Ratio = 3:2.
Solution 75: For n resistors of R Ω each in parallel: Req = R/n.
Solution 76: A = π(0.25×10⁻³)² = 1.96×10⁻⁷ m². l = RA/ρ = 10×1.96×10⁻⁷/1.6×10⁻⁸ = 122.7 m.
Solution 77: J = I/A = 10/(2×10⁻⁶) = 5×10⁶ A/m².
Solution 78: For metals, resistance increases with temperature due to increased atomic vibrations.
Solution 79: Total resistance = 2 + 4 = 6 Ω. I = 12/6 = 2 A.
Solution 80: Power in external resistor = I²R = (2)² × 4 = 16 W.
Solution 81: R₁ + R₂ = 10, R₁R₂ = 24. Solving: R₁ = 4 Ω, R₂ = 6 Ω.
Solution 82: Original R = 400 Ω. Each half = 200 Ω. In parallel: Req = 100 Ω. P = (200)²/100 = 400 W.
Solution 83: Electrical power = 220 × 5 = 1100 W. Mechanical power = 0.80 × 1100 = 880 W.
Solution 84: Total power = 3 × 60 = 180 W = 0.18 kW. Energy = 0.18 × 10 = 1.8 kWh. Cost = 1.8 × 5 = ₹9.
Solution 85: Drift velocity of electrons in conductors is very slow, of order 10⁻⁴ m/s.
Solution 86: Non-linear V-I graph indicates temperature change, non-ohmic behavior, or non-metallic conductor.
Solution 87: For balanced bridge network with each resistor = 5 Ω, equivalent resistance between A and B is 2.5 Ω.
Solution 88: In potentiometer: emf ∝ length. emfunknown = 2 × 60/40 = 3 V.
Solution 89: For ammeter conversion: S = IgG/(I - Ig) = 0.01×50/(1-0.01) = 0.505 Ω.
Solution 90: For voltmeter: Rs = V/Ig - G = 10/0.01 - 50 = 950 Ω.
Solution 91: Wheatstone bridge is balanced when PS = QR (cross products equal).
Solution 92: For parallel cells: emfeq = (1.5/1 + 2/2)/(1/1 + 1/2) = 2.5/1.5 = 1.67 V.
Solution 93: Each part has R/10. When 10 parts are in parallel: Req = R/100.
Solution 94: Specific resistance (resistivity) depends on material and temperature, not on dimensions.
Solution 95: Kirchhoff's current law (∑I = 0) is based on conservation of charge.
Solution 96: Maximum power is delivered when external resistance R equals internal resistance r.
Solution 97: Temperature coefficient of resistance for metals is positive (resistance increases with temperature).
Solution 98: In series combination of cells, total emf = sum of individual emfs (if connected in same polarity).
Solution 99: Superconductors have zero resistance below critical temperature.
Solution 100: For conducting sphere: V = kQ/R. If radius doubles keeping Q constant: Vnew = kQ/2R = V/2.

End of Workbook 3

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