SECTION A - QUESTIONS
LEVEL 1: SIMPLEST (Questions 1-15)
1. The SI unit of electric current is:
(A) Volt
(B) Ampere
(C) Ohm
(D) Coulomb
2. The SI unit of potential difference is:
(A) Ampere
(B) Volt
(C) Watt
(D) Joule
3. The SI unit of resistance is:
(A) Volt
(B) Ampere
(C) Ohm
(D) Watt
4. Electric current is measured by:
(A) Voltmeter
(B) Ammeter
(C) Galvanometer
(D) Ohmmeter
5. Potential difference is measured by:
(A) Ammeter
(B) Voltmeter
(C) Galvanometer
(D) Ohmmeter
6. 1 Ampere = ?
(A) 1 Coulomb/second
(B) 1 Volt/second
(C) 1 Ohm/second
(D) 1 Joule/second
7. 1 Volt = ?
(A) 1 Ampere/Coulomb
(B) 1 Joule/Coulomb
(C) 1 Watt/Coulomb
(D) 1 Ohm/Coulomb
8. According to Ohm's law, V = ?
(A) I/R
(B) IR
(C) I + R
(D) I - R
9. The direction of conventional current is:
(A) Positive to negative
(B) Negative to positive
(C) No specific direction
(D) Depends on material
10. Electric charge is measured in:
(A) Ampere
(B) Volt
(C) Coulomb
(D) Ohm
11. The symbol for resistance is:
12. The symbol for current is:
13. Power is measured in:
(A) Joule
(B) Watt
(C) Volt
(D) Ampere
14. Energy is measured in:
(A) Watt
(B) Joule
(C) Volt
(D) Ohm
15. 1 kWh = ? Joules
(A) 3.6 × 103 J
(B) 3.6 × 106 J
(C) 3.6 × 109 J
(D) 3600 J
LEVEL 2: SIMPLE (Questions 16-30)
16. If 10 C charge flows in 5 seconds, the current is:
(A) 2 A
(B) 50 A
(C) 15 A
(D) 0.5 A
17. A current of 2 A flows for 10 seconds. The charge that flows is:
(A) 5 C
(B) 20 C
(C) 12 C
(D) 0.2 C
18. If V = 12 V and I = 3 A, then R = ?
(A) 36 Ω
(B) 4 Ω
(C) 9 Ω
(D) 15 Ω
19. If R = 5 Ω and I = 2 A, then V = ?
(A) 2.5 V
(B) 10 V
(C) 7 V
(D) 3 V
20. If V = 24 V and R = 8 Ω, then I = ?
(A) 192 A
(B) 3 A
(C) 16 A
(D) 32 A
21. Two resistors of 4 Ω and 6 Ω in series have total resistance:
(A) 2.4 Ω
(B) 10 Ω
(C) 5 Ω
(D) 24 Ω
22. Two resistors of 4 Ω and 6 Ω in parallel have total resistance:
(A) 10 Ω
(B) 2.4 Ω
(C) 5 Ω
(D) 1 Ω
23. Power P = VI. If V = 10 V and I = 2 A, then P = ?
(A) 5 W
(B) 20 W
(C) 12 W
(D) 8 W
24. If P = 100 W and V = 220 V, then I = ?
(A) 22000 A
(B) 0.45 A
(C) 2.2 A
(D) 320 A
25. Heat produced H = I2Rt. If I = 2 A, R = 5 Ω, t = 10 s, then H = ?
(A) 100 J
(B) 200 J
(C) 50 J
(D) 400 J
26. Three resistors each of 6 Ω are connected in series. Total resistance is:
(A) 2 Ω
(B) 6 Ω
(C) 18 Ω
(D) 12 Ω
27. Three resistors each of 9 Ω are connected in parallel. Total resistance is:
(A) 27 Ω
(B) 9 Ω
(C) 3 Ω
(D) 1 Ω
28. A device consumes 1 kW power for 2 hours. Energy consumed is:
(A) 2 kWh
(B) 0.5 kWh
(C) 3 kWh
(D) 1 kWh
29. Resistance depends on:
(A) Length only
(B) Area only
(C) Material only
(D) All of the above
30. If length of wire is doubled, resistance becomes:
(A) Half
(B) Double
(C) Four times
(D) Same
LEVEL 3: EASY (Questions 31-50)
31. If area of cross-section is doubled, resistance becomes:
(A) Double
(B) Half
(C) Four times
(D) Same
32. Resistivity has units:
(A) Ω
(B) Ω⋅m
(C) Ω/m
(D) m/Ω
33. Which has highest resistivity?
(A) Copper
(B) Silver
(C) Rubber
(D) Aluminum
34. An ammeter should have:
(A) High resistance
(B) Low resistance
(C) Zero resistance
(D) Infinite resistance
35. A voltmeter should have:
(A) Low resistance
(B) High resistance
(C) Zero resistance
(D) Same as circuit resistance
36. Ammeter is connected in:
(A) Series
(B) Parallel
(C) Both ways
(D) Neither way
37. Voltmeter is connected in:
(A) Series
(B) Parallel
(C) Both ways
(D) Neither way
38. In series combination, current is:
(A) Different in each resistor
(B) Same in each resistor
(C) Zero in each resistor
(D) Maximum in largest resistor
39. In parallel combination, voltage is:
(A) Different across each resistor
(B) Same across each resistor
(C) Zero across each resistor
(D) Maximum across largest resistor
40. Power consumed by 100 W bulb in 5 hours is:
(A) 500 Wh
(B) 0.5 kWh
(C) 20 kWh
(D) 100 kWh
41. Electric power P = V2/R. If V = 220 V and R = 100 Ω, then P = ?
(A) 484 W
(B) 2.2 W
(C) 320 W
(D) 48400 W
42. Current through a 60 W, 220 V bulb is:
(A) 0.27 A
(B) 3.67 A
(C) 280 A
(D) 13200 A
43. Resistance of 100 W, 220 V bulb is:
(A) 484 Ω
(B) 2.2 Ω
(C) 320 Ω
(D) 22000 Ω
44. Fuse wire is made of:
(A) Copper
(B) Silver
(C) Tin-lead alloy
(D) Iron
45. Fuse is connected in:
(A) Series with live wire
(B) Parallel with live wire
(C) Series with neutral wire
(D) Parallel with neutral wire
46. Good conductors have:
(A) High resistivity
(B) Low resistivity
(C) Zero resistivity
(D) Infinite resistivity
47. Good insulators have:
(A) Low resistivity
(B) High resistivity
(C) Zero resistivity
(D) Negative resistivity
48. When resistors are in series, total resistance is:
(A) Less than smallest resistance
(B) Greater than largest resistance
(C) Equal to average resistance
(D) Zero
49. When resistors are in parallel, total resistance is:
(A) Greater than largest resistance
(B) Less than smallest resistance
(C) Equal to sum of all resistances
(D) Infinite
50. Heating effect of current is used in:
(A) Electric heater
(B) Electric iron
(C) Electric bulb
(D) All of the above
LEVEL 4: MODERATE (Questions 51-70)
51. Two bulbs 40 W and 60 W are connected in series to 220 V supply. Which bulb glows brighter?
(A) 40 W bulb
(B) 60 W bulb
(C) Both glow equally
(D) Neither glows
52. Two bulbs 40 W and 60 W are connected in parallel to 220 V supply. Which bulb glows brighter?
(A) 40 W bulb
(B) 60 W bulb
(C) Both glow equally
(D) Neither glows
53. A wire of resistance 10 Ω is bent to form a circle. Resistance between two diametrically opposite points is:
(A) 2.5 Ω
(B) 5 Ω
(C) 10 Ω
(D) 20 Ω
54. If voltage across a resistor is halved, power becomes:
(A) Half
(B) Double
(C) One-fourth
(D) Four times
55. If current through a resistor is doubled, power becomes:
(A) Half
(B) Double
(C) Four times
(D) One-fourth
56. Cost of electricity for 5 kWh at ₹4 per kWh is:
(A) ₹9
(B) ₹20
(C) ₹1.25
(D) ₹4
57. A 1000 W heater operates for 2 hours daily for 30 days. Energy consumed is:
(A) 60 kWh
(B) 30 kWh
(C) 2000 kWh
(D) 120 kWh
58. Resistivity of a material depends on:
(A) Length of conductor
(B) Area of cross-section
(C) Nature of material
(D) All of the above
59. If resistance of a wire is 20 Ω and it is stretched to double its length, new resistance is:
(A) 10 Ω
(B) 40 Ω
(C) 80 Ω
(D) 20 Ω
60. Two wires of same material have lengths in ratio 2:1 and radii in ratio 1:2. Ratio of their resistances is:
(A) 8:1
(B) 1:8
(C) 4:1
(D) 1:4
61. An electric kettle rated 2 kW, 220 V is operated at 110 V. Power consumed is:
(A) 1 kW
(B) 0.5 kW
(C) 4 kW
(D) 2 kW
62. Maximum power is dissipated when resistors are connected in:
(A) Series
(B) Parallel
(C) Both same
(D) Depends on resistance values
63. Joule's law states that heat produced is proportional to:
(A) I
(B) I2
(C) I3
(D) √I
64. For a given voltage, to get maximum heat, resistance should be:
(A) Maximum
(B) Minimum
(C) Zero
(D) Infinite
65. For a given current, to get maximum heat, resistance should be:
(A) Minimum
(B) Maximum
(C) Zero
(D) Infinite
66. Efficiency of incandescent bulb is about:
(A) 95%
(B) 50%
(C) 5%
(D) 80%
67. V-I graph of ohmic conductor is:
(A) Curved line
(B) Straight line through origin
(C) Horizontal line
(D) Vertical line
68. Slope of V-I graph gives:
(A) Current
(B) Voltage
(C) Resistance
(D) Power
69. If a fuse of 5 A is replaced by 15 A fuse:
(A) Circuit becomes safer
(B) Circuit becomes unsafe
(C) No change in safety
(D) Circuit stops working
70. Kilowatt-hour is a unit of:
(A) Power
(B) Energy
(C) Current
(D) Voltage
LEVEL 5: TOUGH (Questions 71-85)
71. A resistor dissipates 100 W when connected to 200 V. If connected to 100 V, power dissipated is:
(A) 50 W
(B) 25 W
(C) 200 W
(D) 400 W
72. Three resistors 2 Ω, 3 Ω, and 6 Ω are connected in parallel. Equivalent resistance is:
(A) 11 Ω
(B) 1 Ω
(C) 0.91 Ω
(D) 3.67 Ω
73. A wire has resistance 12 Ω. It is bent to form an equilateral triangle. Resistance between any two vertices is:
(A) 4 Ω
(B) 8 Ω
(C) 6 Ω
(D) 12 Ω
74. Two electric bulbs of 40 W and 60 W operate at 220 V. Ratio of their resistances is:
(A) 2:3
(B) 3:2
(C) 4:9
(D) 9:4
75. n resistors each of R Ω are connected in parallel. Equivalent resistance is:
(A) nR
(B) R/n
(C) R/n2
(D) n2R
76. A copper wire has diameter 0.5 mm and resistivity 1.6 × 10-8 Ω⋅m. Length of wire to get resistance 10 Ω is:
(A) 122.7 m
(B) 12.27 m
(C) 1227 m
(D) 1.227 m
77. Current density in a wire carrying 10 A current with cross-sectional area 2 mm2 is:
(A) 5 × 106 A/m2
(B) 5 × 103 A/m2
(C) 20 A/m2
(D) 0.005 A/m2
78. When temperature of metallic conductor increases, its resistance:
(A) Increases
(B) Decreases
(C) Remains same
(D) First increases then decreases
79. A battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 2 Ω is connected to 4 Ω resistor. Current in circuit is:
(A) 3 A
(B) 2 A
(C) 6 A
(D) 4 A
80. Power delivered to external resistor in above question is:
(A) 24 W
(B) 16 W
(C) 8 W
(D) 12 W
81. Two resistors when connected in series give 10 Ω and when in parallel give 2.4 Ω. The resistors are:
(A) 4 Ω, 6 Ω
(B) 3 Ω, 7 Ω
(C) 5 Ω, 5 Ω
(D) 2 Ω, 8 Ω
82. A heater coil is rated 100 W, 200 V. It is cut into two equal parts and connected in parallel to same supply. Power consumed is:
(A) 50 W
(B) 200 W
(C) 400 W
(D) 100 W
83. An electric motor draws 5 A at 220 V. If efficiency is 80%, mechanical power output is:
(A) 1100 W
(B) 880 W
(C) 1375 W
(D) 220 W
84. Three 60 W bulbs are connected in parallel and operate for 10 hours. If rate is ₹5 per kWh, cost is:
(A) ₹9
(B) ₹18
(C) ₹3
(D) ₹27
85. Drift velocity of electrons in a conductor is of the order of:
(A) 106 m/s
(B) 103 m/s
(C) 10-4 m/s
(D) 10-1 m/s
LEVEL 6: EXAM LEVEL (Questions 86-100)
86. A student performs experiment to find resistance of wire. The V-I graph obtained is not a straight line. This indicates:
(A) Wire is not metallic
(B) Temperature is changing
(C) Ohm's law is not applicable
(D) All of the above
87. A network has resistors connected as shown. Equivalent resistance between A and B is:
(A) 5 Ω [Given: Each resistor = 5 Ω in bridge network]
(B) 10 Ω
(C) 2.5 Ω
(D) 20 Ω
88. In a potentiometer experiment, balance point is obtained at 40 cm for a cell of emf 2 V. For unknown cell, balance point is 60 cm. EMF of unknown cell is:
(A) 1.33 V
(B) 3 V
(C) 4 V
(D) 1.5 V
89. A galvanometer has resistance 50 Ω and shows full scale deflection for 10 mA. To convert it to ammeter of range 1 A, shunt resistance required is:
(A) 0.505 Ω
(B) 5.05 Ω
(C) 50.5 Ω
(D) 0.0505 Ω
90. Same galvanometer (Q89) is to be converted to voltmeter of range 10 V. Series resistance required is:
(A) 950 Ω
(B) 1000 Ω
(C) 50 Ω
(D) 500 Ω
91. Wheatstone bridge is balanced when:
(A) P/Q = R/S
(B) PQ = RS
(C) PS = QR
(D) P + Q = R + S
92. Two cells of emf 1.5 V and 2 V with internal resistances 1 Ω and 2 Ω are connected in parallel. Equivalent emf is:
(A) 1.67 V
(B) 3.5 V
(C) 1.75 V
(D) 0.5 V
93. A wire of resistance R is cut into 10 equal parts and all parts are connected in parallel. Equivalent resistance is:
(A) R/10
(B) R/100
(C) 10R
(D) 100R
94. Specific resistance of a wire depends on:
(A) Length and area
(B) Material and temperature
(C) Voltage and current
(D) Power and energy
95. Kirchhoff's current law is based on conservation of:
(A) Energy
(B) Charge
(C) Momentum
(D) Mass
96. A battery is connected to external resistance R. Maximum power is delivered when:
(A) R = 0
(B) R = ∞
(C) R = r (internal resistance)
(D) R = 2r
97. The coefficient of temperature resistance for metals is:
(A) Positive
(B) Negative
(C) Zero
(D) Infinite
98. In series combination of cells, total emf is:
(A) Sum of individual emfs
(B) Average of individual emfs
(C) Product of individual emfs
(D) Reciprocal sum of individual emfs
99. Superconductors have:
(A) Very high resistance
(B) Zero resistance
(C) Infinite resistance
(D) Negative resistance
100. A conducting sphere of radius R has potential V. If radius is doubled keeping charge constant, new potential becomes:
(A) V/2
(B) 2V
(C) V/4
(D) 4V
SECTION C - COMPLETE SOLUTIONS (1-100)
Solution 1: The SI unit of electric current is Ampere (A).
Solution 2: The SI unit of potential difference is Volt (V).
Solution 3: The SI unit of resistance is Ohm (Ω).
Solution 4: Electric current is measured by an ammeter, which is connected in series in the circuit.
Solution 5: Potential difference is measured by a voltmeter, which is connected in parallel across the component.
Solution 6: 1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb/second (I = Q/t, so 1 A = 1 C/s).
Solution 7: 1 Volt = 1 Joule/Coulomb (V = W/Q, so 1 V = 1 J/C).
Solution 8: According to Ohm's law, V = IR (Voltage = Current × Resistance).
Solution 9: Conventional current flows from positive to negative terminal (opposite to electron flow).
Solution 10: Electric charge is measured in Coulomb (C).
Solution 11: The symbol for resistance is R.
Solution 12: The symbol for current is I (from French "intensité").
Solution 13: Power is measured in Watt (W), where 1 W = 1 J/s.
Solution 14: Energy is measured in Joule (J).
Solution 15: 1 kWh = 3.6 × 106 J (1 kWh = 1000 W × 3600 s = 3.6 × 106 J).
Solution 16: I = Q/t = 10/5 = 2 A.
Solution 17: Q = It = 2 × 10 = 20 C.
Solution 18: R = V/I = 12/3 = 4 Ω.
Solution 19: V = IR = 2 × 5 = 10 V.
Solution 20: I = V/R = 24/8 = 3 A.
Solution 21: For series: Rtotal = R1 + R2 = 4 + 6 = 10 Ω.
Solution 22: For parallel: 1/R = 1/4 + 1/6 = 5/12, so R = 12/5 = 2.4 Ω.
Solution 23: P = VI = 10 × 2 = 20 W.
Solution 24: I = P/V = 100/220 = 0.45 A.
Solution 25: H = I2Rt = (2)2 × 5 × 10 = 200 J.
Solution 26: For three 6 Ω resistors in series: R = 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 Ω.
Solution 27: For three 9 Ω resistors in parallel: 1/R = 3/9 = 1/3, so R = 3 Ω.
Solution 28: Energy = Power × Time = 1 kW × 2 h = 2 kWh.
Solution 29: Resistance depends on length, cross-sectional area, material (resistivity), and temperature.
Solution 30: R ∝ l, so if length is doubled, resistance becomes double.
Solution 31: R ∝ 1/A, so if area is doubled, resistance becomes half.
Solution 32: Resistivity has units Ω⋅m (ρ = RA/l, units = Ω⋅m).
Solution 33: Rubber has highest resistivity (insulator) compared to metals.
Solution 34: Ammeter should have low resistance to avoid affecting the circuit current.
Solution 35: Voltmeter should have high resistance to draw minimal current.
Solution 36: Ammeter is connected in series to measure current through the circuit.
Solution 37: Voltmeter is connected in parallel to measure voltage across components.
Solution 38: In series combination, current is same in each resistor.
Solution 39: In parallel combination, voltage is same across each resistor.
Solution 40: Energy = 100 W × 5 h = 500 Wh = 0.5 kWh.
Solution 41: P = V2/R = (220)2/100 = 484 W.
Solution 42: I = P/V = 60/220 = 0.27 A.
Solution 43: R = V2/P = (220)2/100 = 484 Ω.
Solution 44: Fuse wire is made of tin-lead alloy (low melting point).
Solution 45: Fuse is connected in series with live wire for safety.
Solution 46: Good conductors have low resistivity.
Solution 47: Good insulators have high resistivity.
Solution 48: In series, total resistance is greater than largest individual resistance.
Solution 49: In parallel, total resistance is less than smallest individual resistance.
Solution 50: Heating effect is used in electric heater, iron, bulb, and many other appliances.
Solution 51: In series, 40W bulb has higher resistance (1210 Ω vs 807 Ω), gets more voltage and glows brighter.
Solution 52: In parallel, both get same voltage (220V), so 60W bulb consumes more power and glows brighter.
Solution 53: Wire bent into circle gives two semicircular paths of 5Ω each in parallel: R = (5×5)/(5+5) = 2.5 Ω.
Solution 54: P = V2/R. If V becomes V/2, then P becomes P/4.
Solution 55: P = I2R. If I becomes 2I, then P becomes 4P.
Solution 56: Cost = 5 kWh × ₹4/kWh = ₹20.
Solution 57: Energy = 1 kW × 2 h/day × 30 days = 60 kWh.
Solution 58: Resistivity depends only on nature of material and temperature, not on dimensions.
Solution 59: When wire is stretched to double length, area halves: New R = 4R = 80 Ω.
Solution 60: R₁/R₂ = (l₁/l₂) × (r₂/r₁)² = (2/1) × (1/2)² = 8/1.
Solution 61: R = (220)²/2000 = 24.2 Ω. At 110V: P = (110)²/24.2 = 0.5 kW.
Solution 62: For same voltage source, parallel connection gives maximum power as total resistance is minimum.
Solution 63: Joule's law: H ∝ I² (heat is proportional to square of current).
Solution 64: For given voltage, P = V²/R. For maximum heat (power), R should be minimum.
Solution 65: For given current, P = I²R. For maximum heat (power), R should be maximum.
Solution 66: Incandescent bulbs are only about 5% efficient (most energy becomes heat).
Solution 67: V-I graph of ohmic conductor is a straight line through origin.
Solution 68: Slope of V-I graph = V/I = R (resistance).
Solution 69: Using higher rated fuse makes circuit unsafe as it won't blow during overload.
Solution 70: Kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a unit of energy.
Solution 71: R = (200)²/100 = 400 Ω. At 100V: P = (100)²/400 = 25 W.
Solution 72: 1/R = 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/6 = 6/6 = 1, so R = 1 Ω.
Solution 73: Each side = 4 Ω. Between vertices: 4 Ω parallel with 8 Ω gives approximately 8 Ω (closest option).
Solution 74: R₄₀ = (220)²/40 = 1210 Ω, R₆₀ = (220)²/60 = 807 Ω. Ratio = 3:2.
Solution 75: For n resistors of R Ω each in parallel: Req = R/n.
Solution 76: A = π(0.25×10⁻³)² = 1.96×10⁻⁷ m². l = RA/ρ = 10×1.96×10⁻⁷/1.6×10⁻⁸ = 122.7 m.
Solution 77: J = I/A = 10/(2×10⁻⁶) = 5×10⁶ A/m².
Solution 78: For metals, resistance increases with temperature due to increased atomic vibrations.
Solution 79: Total resistance = 2 + 4 = 6 Ω. I = 12/6 = 2 A.
Solution 80: Power in external resistor = I²R = (2)² × 4 = 16 W.
Solution 81: R₁ + R₂ = 10, R₁R₂ = 24. Solving: R₁ = 4 Ω, R₂ = 6 Ω.
Solution 82: Original R = 400 Ω. Each half = 200 Ω. In parallel: Req = 100 Ω. P = (200)²/100 = 400 W.
Solution 83: Electrical power = 220 × 5 = 1100 W. Mechanical power = 0.80 × 1100 = 880 W.
Solution 84: Total power = 3 × 60 = 180 W = 0.18 kW. Energy = 0.18 × 10 = 1.8 kWh. Cost = 1.8 × 5 = ₹9.
Solution 85: Drift velocity of electrons in conductors is very slow, of order 10⁻⁴ m/s.
Solution 86: Non-linear V-I graph indicates temperature change, non-ohmic behavior, or non-metallic conductor.
Solution 87: For balanced bridge network with each resistor = 5 Ω, equivalent resistance between A and B is 2.5 Ω.
Solution 88: In potentiometer: emf ∝ length. emfunknown = 2 × 60/40 = 3 V.
Solution 89: For ammeter conversion: S = IgG/(I - Ig) = 0.01×50/(1-0.01) = 0.505 Ω.
Solution 90: For voltmeter: Rs = V/Ig - G = 10/0.01 - 50 = 950 Ω.
Solution 91: Wheatstone bridge is balanced when PS = QR (cross products equal).
Solution 92: For parallel cells: emfeq = (1.5/1 + 2/2)/(1/1 + 1/2) = 2.5/1.5 = 1.67 V.
Solution 93: Each part has R/10. When 10 parts are in parallel: Req = R/100.
Solution 94: Specific resistance (resistivity) depends on material and temperature, not on dimensions.
Solution 95: Kirchhoff's current law (∑I = 0) is based on conservation of charge.
Solution 96: Maximum power is delivered when external resistance R equals internal resistance r.
Solution 97: Temperature coefficient of resistance for metals is positive (resistance increases with temperature).
Solution 98: In series combination of cells, total emf = sum of individual emfs (if connected in same polarity).
Solution 99: Superconductors have zero resistance below critical temperature.
Solution 100: For conducting sphere: V = kQ/R. If radius doubles keeping Q constant: Vnew = kQ/2R = V/2.